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characteristics of slums pdf
So migration is negative.

Sometimes, a city expands the initial slums thus enclosing them within the town perimeter over time. Main Sources of Data on Slums in India 10 Chapter 4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Housing for All (Urban)) 12 Chapter 5 Transforming our world : th 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 15 Chapter 6 Urbanisation and Proliferation of slums 18 Chapter 7 Salient Features of Slums in India –Census-2011 21 Chapter 8 In a city, the slums of the poor exist alongside the palatial bungalows of the rich, amidst the apartments of the middle class members.


The low levels of per capita income and poverty in developing countries is due to low levels of productivity in various fields of production. Characteristics Of Slums. Some characteristics of street children were compared with the characteristics of the urban poor in order to highlight the differences and similarities. A set of probit regressions estimates the probability that a household with certain attributes lives in a dwelling with slum-like characteristics. In conclusion, although many of the characteristics of street children are different from those of the urban poor, they have one thing in common, which is benefiting from the places where they live. so when we consider Slums as one of the problems of the cities, the origin of this problem is migration. The new slums often emerge at the most recent confines of the growing city. Migration affects both original and target places. of the structure; supply of elec-tricity, water, sanitation and other basic services; as well as cleanliness in and around the dwelling.

The characteristics of the Slums Creating the Slums is one of the effects of migration.

this paper reviews these lines of research and argues that while each While research on slums has been ongoing, such work has mainly focused on one of three constructs: exploring the socio-economic and policy issues; exploring the physical characteristics; and, lastly, those modelling slums. And it assesses the impact of the main policies towards urban slums adopted by governments, civil society groups and international organizations. characteristics and dynamics of slums. The increasing urban population in Ethiopia may support economic growth in the country, but it is a continuing challenge for urban administrations to provide adequate access to basic services to enable these communities to remain healthy and productive. people into cities. The variety in form and function of the Looking at location and growth, slums often start at the city outskirts. In the words of Bogardus, “Class extremes characterize the city.” A town and a city house the richest as well as the poorest of people. Figure 1.2 Peri-urban areas have similar characteristics to slums. characteristics such as quality walls, oors, etc.


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